The Effects of Oil depletion in the near future essays

The Effects of Oil exhaustion sooner rather than later articles Oil is a limited asset that initially created from ancient green growth and different microorganisms. Colin J. Campbell from Depletion and Denial states: The productive arrangement of oil has happened just a couple of times in the Earths long geographical history. For instance, practically all the oil from the Gulf Coast of the U.S. to Peru, including the immense corrupted stores of Venezuela, which hold significantly more than the Middle East, was the aftereffect of a concise time of unnecessary a worldwide temperature alteration 90,000,000 years prior. Green growth prospered in those old warm, dead, stale, and anoxic oceans. Another such age, 140,000,000 years prior, was liable for the oil in the North Sea and a great part of the Middle East. (2) In any case, numerous individuals think minimal about the dubious issue of oil and oil consumption other than what they have been told by un-educated specialists. It has become so dubious due to the trouble in anticipating the current oil gracefully. The vast majority are excessively hopeful in their assessments of the gracefully due to the desperate ramifications of a lack. Basically, vitality is the key that opens every single other asset. Starting today, oil represents 40 percent of all vitality use on the planet. This records for 26 billion barrels every year. The issue is escalated by enormous populace increments and development in vitality requests. Jacob Fisker states that creating nations make up 80 percent of the populace, however they just utilize 20 percent of the universes assets. The created world is the staying 20 percent of the populace, yet it utilizes 80 percent of the universes resources.(1) Furthermore, one ideal case of oil over-utilization is in the U.S. Its whole economy is to a great extent subject to oil for vitality and numerous vital items. Numerous specialists in the oil business, for example , Colin J. Campbell, an oil geologist, foresee that request will surpass flexibly by around 2010. From that point, it will pr... <!

Could the US have won the Revolutionary war without foreign Essay

Could the US have won the Revolutionary war without outside intercession - Essay Example The Americans required help in view of the strategic troubles of an extended war, thus France and Netherlands offered basic help that rushed the triumph of the previous. Weigley, in his book The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy, clarifies the critical conditions of General George Washington and he focuses on that â€Å"military poverty† formed Washington’s generalship.3 When the British showed up via ocean in New York before the assault of Trenton, General William Howe had 31,625 officers from all positions, where 24,464 were well-prepared and prepared for battle.4 Aside from these soldiers, Howe likewise had ten boats, twenty frigates, many vehicle, and 10, 000 seamen.5 To safeguard New York, General Washington just had 19,000 individuals, with around 9,000 having military order and training.6 moreover, the Americans had no maritime powers and restricted land transports. Despite the fact that Washington scored with the end of the Hessian battalion at Trenton, all through the whole Revolutionary War time frame, he perpetually confronted the issue of the set number of troopers, assets, and cash. The Revolutionary confederation and the debilitating farming part couldn't gracefully enough for these necessities of the war. David McCullough harps in 1776 on the job of the monetary sponsorship from France and the Netherlands just as the help from the French armed force and navy.7 For him, they were offered basic assistance in rushing America’s triumph rather than only trusting that Britain will abandon the war or to trust that other remote countries will understand that America’s autonomy would bring about a more prominent equalization of forces in Europe. In the event that the Revolutionary War had stretched out because of the nonattendance of outside mediation, it would not have been inconceivable for Washington and his commanders, just as the American individuals who bolstered him, to keep up their techniques until Britain abandoned its American provinces. In the book A Shattered Nation: The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy, 1861-1868, Rubin communicates the desire of the American individuals to help the war. She makes reference to letters coursing among the majority, who realized that the progressive powers should by one way or another give some influence enough to â€Å"overthrow† the British before remote countries would begin recognizing America as an autonomous country that they should bolster through cash or troops or both.8 The individuals, just as Washington and the commanders, opposed turning into a settlement again, particularly when they understood that they could be at long last liberated from the injurious tax collection and other severe arrangements of Britain.9 McCullough stresses, all things considered, that â€Å"†¦it was Washington and the military that won the war for American Independence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 10 These students of history comprehe nded the steadiness of the American armed force in driving on through their guerilla strategies and assaulting Britain where it was at its most vulnerable, explicitly in land fights. Different researchers demanded that America couldn't have won the war without remote help. In â€Å"

Kid Essay Samples - All About Them

Kid Essay Samples - All About ThemYour child essay samples will be a boon for them as they get to work on writing their own. In this way, you can be certain that they are working on their own pieces of writing and not merely copying what they have seen from others.Kid essay samples allow you to see what the kids are really capable of. You can see for yourself if they can write something or not. This will make it easier for you to decide whether or not you should give your child extra help to get their skills improved.You will find that kid essay samples are good for teenagers as well. You will find them for them in class as well as on assignments they are doing for their homework. The way that they carry themselves and how they dress up is a perfect example of what you can expect to find in these essays.When you do look through kid essay samples, you will find that there are many. Some of them you will not even recognize as essays. These are often used as filler during class time. Ho wever, you can use them to practice your own writing.The reason why kid essay samples are very useful is because you can use them to help with brainstorming. You can get ideas and pictures from the images and other things that are contained in the essays. This will help you in brainstorming for your own essay.Another thing that you can learn from kid essay samples is the differences between the styles. Different writing styles exist in different types of writing. By reading these examples, you will be able to see which writing style works best for you and your child.If you are writing for a younger audience, then you should read these essays to them. That way, you will be able to see the proper way to format your writing. This will enable you to have good grammar and spelling, as well as grammar and spelling usage that are easy to understand.Kid essay samples are a great way to learn about writing as a whole. You will find that your child will be writing better and having a greater sense of pride when they know that they can write better than other people. This will make your child's life much easier, which is something that we all hope for.

Psychology - 860 Words

Think – and– Share Worksheet: Part 1 Your task is to find and take at least three personality inventories. You can easily find these types of inventories online. You can also find these types of inventories in many different popular magazines. If you choose to search online, here are some ideas of verbiage to type into a search engine: †¢ Personality inventories test †¢ Personality inventory color analysis †¢ Big five personality test †¢ Dessert personality test †¢ Emotional intelligence test †¢ TV characters personality test †¢ Assessing Your Real and Ideal Self-Concept (in your textbook, Module 30) †¢ Life Orientation Test (in your textbook, Module 31) After you have taken at least three personality tests, analyze your†¦show more content†¦I think that if a personality test is given by a licensed physician, then we all could gain a lot from it and we would be able to tell what is going on in someone’s mind. I don’t think taking test off the internet would be a valid way to evaluate people because they are sitting in front of a computer and could just click anything until they get the answer they want versus sitting in a doctor’s office. JIGSAW WORKSHEET Chapter 9 consists of four modules †¢ Psychodynamic Approaches to Personality †¢ Trait Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality †¢ Assessing Personality: Determining what Makes Us Distinctive †¢ Intelligence Your instructor will assign you to a module. You will be responsible for reading the assigned module and identifying the concepts you feel are the most important. Then, you will create a learning activity that is designed to teach at least one of the concepts from that module. After you have created your learning activity, you will share your learning activity with your classmates via the discussion board. You will also provide feedback to your classmates about their learning activities. You may choose to revise your learning activity based on the feedback you receive. Discussion 7: Jigsaw Present the learning activity you created in the Jigsaw activity. Read through the learning activities posted by your classmates; be sure to ask one another or your instructor questions if theShow MoreRelatedPsychology : Psychology And Psychology1627 Words   |  7 Pagescovers the many questions we may have about psychology. It starts with the history and how it has changed throughout the years. It covers some of the many subfields and jobs you can have as a psychologist. It also covers the four big ideas that are associated with psychology. There are many more topics and sub-topics that will be covered within this paper on chapter 1. Section 1-1 Psychological Science is born: This section shows how the heart of psychology changes over time. In 1879, at a germanRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1519 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions; all these makes man a complex being. Psychology isn’t just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the question â€Å"why†, proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The researchRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology889 Words   |  4 PagesOne: Psychology Defined Psychology is an exceptionally multifaceted field of study, regardless, it can be commonly defined as the study of mental processes and human behavior. The goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict and control the behavior of others. Psychology incorporates an extensive range of different perspectives into its general principles as well as focuses on securing them with applied research, case studies, evaluations, etc. I first became interested in psychology whenRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof psychology is common to talk about the psychological schools, as these are defined as groups of psychologists who shared a theoretical view and focused psychological problems with a common orientation; these have evolved over time. Psychology was first established as a separate science of biology and philosophy, that s when the real debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began start, different psychological schools represent the major theories of psychology. TheRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology892 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you first think of the word psychology, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Well, some people might say they don’t know or some would say it’s something that has to do with the mind and/or human behavior. Psychology which comes from the Greek term â€Å"psyche† is the study of mental processes and behavior; especially those affecting behavior in a given context. There are several schools of thought in psychology. These schools include: structuralism (Wundt), functionalism (James), gestaltRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1267 Words   |  6 PagesPaper What is psychology? What impact does psychology have on the world? What does it mean to be a psychologist? These are three important questions that will be investigated throughout this paper. Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. Psychology influences many behaviors in the world without anyone noticing. Watson is interested in behaviorism. This means he was interested in the behavior of people and how they act and react. Through his article, Psychology as the BehavioristRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology850 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology to me is meant to help people understand the complexity of other human beings. We have established the existence of many disorders which are mainly beyond the control of people because of chemical imbalances in the brain. Although with these reasons, we still have attached negative and positive connotations to many disorders. We have created this concept of psychology in order to help us try to find some sense of order in our lives. This can allow us to try rank ourselves next to anotherRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1703 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has a lot of jobs to choose from.Any job in psychology is going to be involved helping people. Trying to find out why people do the things they do and trying to predi ct the behavior of people, their emotions, and mental processes. Making sure your child or any person you care about is okay mentally, is important and is the job of people who work in a major in psychology. For this paper, the roles of a psychiatrist, a counselor, and a psychologist will be discussed. The audience will learnRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1300 Words   |  6 PagesIn Psychology There are six modern psychological perspectives. These perspectives are behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, social, cultural, and biological. Each perspective has its own unique way of explaining human behavior. I think that really explains the complex mental processes and behavior, and each prospective study should not be limited to just one. The following is my explanation of the terms and comparisons between the psychodynamic and behavioral aspects relating to the OctoberRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay2200 Words   |  9 PagesHow is ps ychology defined today? How did psychology start out being defined originally? Humans have always been interested in understanding their own body, especially the brain itself. Some of the first people to explore psychology were Aristotle and Socrates, (even though some of the things they thought were wrong) of course at the time they did not know what exactly they were studying. https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/introduction-to-psychology-1/intr

The Code Of Ethics Is The Number One Mission For The...

The NASW Code Of Ethics is the number one mission for the social work profession. This is fundamental for all social workers to appreciate human wellbeing, as well as, help them meet the basic human needs of each person. Social workers should as well give full attention to the empowerment and rights of those that are vulnerable, distressed, and living in poverty. Social workers are the ones that promote social justice and social change on behalf of clients. Also, social workers seek to enhance the capacity of people to address their own needs. The mission of the profession is established in a set of core values that are embraced by social workers. Those core values are the following: Service, Social Justice, Dignity and Worth of the Person, Importance of Human Relationships, Integrity, and Competence. These core values will be reviewed and have scriptures with understanding that follows. Value: Service A social worker principal is to give guidance to people that are in need and to address the social problems. Social workers uplift service to others above egocentricity. Social workers tend to draw on their values, knowledge, and skills to advise people in need and to address social issues. It is encouraged for social workers to volunteer some portion of their professional skills with absolutely no expectation of significant financial return. This can also be referred to the â€Å"Pro Bono Service†. As social workers service others, their focus should as well be servicing forShow MoreRelatedMy Service Learning Hours At Harvest Hope Food Bank987 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to gain the necessary skills needed for social work, service learning is necessary due to the fact that it serves as an introduction to skills that may be utilized later in the field. Completing my service learning hours at Harvest Hope Food Bank provided me with the necessary experiences t o ensure I am able to impact clients positively and in a more professional and ethical manner. Values and ethics, connections to generalist practice, and experiences with the organization all shared importantRead MoreThe Role of Social Workers Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Social Workers Brittany walks into her room and slumps on her bed. Although she knows tears should be running down her cheeks, her face is dry. She clutches the envelope that she received in the mail today with the results of her blood test. She just found out she is HIV positive four weeks after she was hit with the news that she was pregnant. If her brother was here, he could help, but he died in a car accident four months ago. What am I going to do? What are my parents goingRead MorePersonal Values And Social Work Values1443 Words   |  6 Pages ETHICS PRINCIPLES Amber Sperlbaum Indiana Wesleyan University TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 3 NASW CODE OF ETHICS..................................................................................................3-4 PERSONAL VALUES VS SOCIAL WORK VALUES.......................................................4 ETHICAL REASONING......Read MoreFood Stamps to SNAP Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)† (Program Description). â€Å"The program gives up to $200 a month in food stamp benefits (called an allotment) to a person who lives by himself and has essentially no income. Households with more than one person get less for each person because of economies of scale. For example, a 4-person household could get up to $668 a month† (supplemental nutrition2011). Eligibility Although the Food Stamp Program is universal and selective, it is a great programRead MoreValues And Ethics Of The National Association Of Social Workers902 Words   |  4 PagesValues and Ethics The National Association of Social Workers have provided the Code of Ethics as a set of guidelines for social workers to follow in order to assure they are practicing in an ethical manner. These guidelines have been revised to address any additional information or critiques that are necessary for quality conduct that have arisen since the first edition that was drafted in 1960. They strive to address core values, such as â€Å"service, social justice, dignity and worth of the personRead MoreInterview With A Social Worker1687 Words   |  7 PagesI recently conducted an interview with a Social Worker by the name Kathryn Schley. She has her Masters of Social Work, she is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and is currently the Homeless Services Program Manager. The company she works at is called Southlight, a private non-profit health care organization. SouthLight’s mission is to, â€Å"meet the holistic needs of individuals facing addiction, mental illness, and chronic health challenges, by delivering compassionate and coordinated behavioral healthcareRead MoreThe Difference Between Professionalism And Ethics1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe difference between professionalism and ethics is professionalism talks about staying professional within your business and always staying up to par about what is going on within a business. Ethics talks about the study of decisions and moral judgment. Ethics is the study of what should be, what is the ultimate good and how to achieve it. People have always thought that the primary purpose of business is to serve society. Business must have a society commitment otherwise businesses cannot enjoyRead MoreEthics in Social Work Practice2286 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Values and ethical in social work practice† An ethical dilemma exists: When the social worker must choose between two or more relevant, but contradictory, ethical directives, or when every alternative results in an undesirable outcome for one or more persons. Several value systems and ethical practices impact the social worker intervention and outcome. Values and ethics are closely related .Values are a societys system of beliefs ,principles and traditions that guide behaviors and practicesRead MoreThe Health Of The Mental Health Field Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pageswith different behavioral difficulties. One way in which your agency’s policies or operations reflect the value-base of the social work profession. The identified agency is Enki Health Research Systems, Inc., (ENKI) office in El Monte. Enki provides mental health services in different service areas and offers mental health services to children and families, as well as adults, and also focuses on providing services for youth and families. ENKI’s current mission is to provide, â€Å"Multicultural MultilingualRead MoreSocial Work Practice Guidelines Are Outlined By The Nasw1327 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Work practice guidelines are outlined by the NASW Code of Ethics, CSWE Educational Policy and Standards, and HIPPA. NASW Code of Ethics explain the missions values and core functions of how a social worker practices. It is a guide that is used to assist social workers through ethical dilemmas while emphasizing core values (National Association of Social Workers, n.d.). CSWE is a national association that maintains the standards of educational programs for social work degrees. This entity

The American Of The Civil Rights Movement - 1886 Words

From slavery to the Civil Rights Movement, the African American community has faced hardships, discrimination and prejudice based on their position in the racial hierarchy in the United States. Although the melting pot called the American population has learned to coexist in the twenty first century, the African American community continues to face these problem even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed by Congress prohibiting discrimination of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, not to mention the countless lives that were sacrificed during civil rights demonstrations for those natural rights every human being should have. We now see the African American community facing another similar problem: its youth, especially young black men, have been shot or harmed by â€Å"police and vigilantes† (Garza) all over the United States for reasons that seem to be less than bullet proof. The outrage that surrounding the death of Trayvon Martin and the controversy aro und it sparked the â€Å"birth of a new civil rights movement† (Day) ‒ the Black Lives Matter Movement. This movement is rather different and certainly unique when compared to its its precursors in its message, purpose, and tactics. This movement has used various tactics to encourage support for their cause through the use of direct action, political slogans, and social media. Black Lives Matter: The Beginning â€Å"This ain’t your granddaddy’s civil rights movement,† ―that’s how Joyce Jones, a writer for BETShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement And The American Civil Movement958 Words   |  4 Pages The Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights Movement and other names, is a term that encompasses the strategies, groups, and social movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection of the citizenship rights enumerated in the Constitution and federal law. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968Read MoreThe American Civil Rights Movement1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil Rights Movement is personified through several prominent personalities. These figures exhibited strong character throughout their careers i n activism that revolutionized the ideals and opportunities of the 20th century, standing as precedents for courage and perseverance in the face of widespread systemic oppression. However, not all of these figures received the acknowledgment and acceptance that their legacy deserved. One such figure was Bayard Rustin, a lifelong Civil RightsRead MoreThe American Of The Civil Rights Movement949 Words   |  4 Pagesstatement. As a whole, the Civil Rights Movement accounted for a drastic amount of changes to black businesses that primarily served black consumers. For instance, African American people stayed at blacked owned hotels, resorts, and restaurants, which gave way for African American entrepreneurship (Blackford 149). Once segregation was outlawed, African American consumers leapt at the opportunity to shop at white owned businesses. Post-Civil Rights Movement, the African American community has becomeRead MoreThe American Civil Right Movement922 Words   |  4 PagesIt was just a single line in a speech given more than fifty years ago, yet many still remember it as one of the most important turning points in Southern political history and the American civil right movement. As many civil rights activists were fighting for the abolishment of Jim Crow laws, newly elected Governor George Wallace stood at the podium under the Alabama State House to deliver his inaugural speech which would later cement his legacy amongst the most controversial figures in SouthernRead MoreThe American Civil Rights Movement912 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Ferguson Riots after a young, unarmed teenager named Michael Brown was shot by a police officer. Some believe that these events and the emergence of the #BlackLivesMatter campaign could be the beginning of yet another American civil rights movement. The first LGBT movement began in 1969 after the raid of one of the few gay bars in the United States, Stonewall Inn. Often, the story of this seedy nightclub is distorted or hardly taught at all. A huge example of this is the recent movie on the riotsRead MoreThe American Civil Rights Movement586 Words   |  2 PagesHas someone ever told you that you were not allowed to do something that others had the right to? Maybe it was your parents, your boss, the government, but you thought you had just enough right as anyone else did? Well, during the 1960’s not everyone had the same rights. During the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans were fighting for equality. They didn’t want â€Å"separate but equal† they wanted full equality for their people. This caused many riots throughout the US. When we look at riots weRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement1725 Words   |  7 PagesAfter the American Civil War (1861-1865), major changes which were crucial to the establishment of African Americans in the American society took place. Before the bloody war, slaves were comprised of thirteen percent of the total population of the United States. The treatments they receive from their masters ranged from generous to abusive. The issue of slavery was becoming more and more apparent in social, economic, and most importantly political aspects of the country. In fact, even before theRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn elementary school, students study the Civil War, and the Civil Rights movement. Teachers speak about slavery and racism as if it were a thing of the past; and juvenile minds are lead to believe that Martin Luther King Jr.’s dream has finally com e true. But as these futile minds mature, they encounter different versions of this â€Å"dream†. Caucasian faces may live to believe the world is a blissful place, but scoff at the waitress who struggles to speak english. Brown faces may look at the homosexualRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Civil Rights Movement901 Words   |  4 PagesStates were slave owners (Piersen 1996: 24). However, the controversy over slavery was a hotly debated topic in American society, leading eventually to the American Civil War (1861-1865), which finally brought slavery to an end. After the emancipation, overcoming slavery s legacy remained a crucial issue in American history, from Reconstruction following the war to the Civil Rights Movement a century later. The practice of slavery dates to prehistoric times, although its institutionalizationRead MoreMovement : Native American Civil Rights Movement3155 Words   |  13 PagesMovement: Native American Civil Rights Movement A: How When did people involved become aware of themselves/ How When did people identify as part of this movement? Native Americans have always had a strong sense of pride of their culture and traditions and identity, though it was when they were becoming stripped of their traditions that the movement towards their original freedom began. 1. Overview (Why then, why there?) The basic summary of events that went down in Native American history

Analysis of Australia Economy

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Australia Economy. Answer: Introduction Each of the four macroeconomic indicators is essential. The primary benefit of keeping the prices stable is that it helps to preserve the value of money and encourage healthy and sustainable growth over a prolonged period (Berlatsky, 2013). Growth in employment and the economy helps to enhance the standards of the living. Since each of the four economic indicators is essential, this report will examine the state of Australian economy based on these indicators, the trend in the indicators for the past ten years, as well as the current macroeconomic policies of the RBA and the federal government regarding the four. In the final part, we will examine whether the present policies are suitable, given the current economic environment. Appropriate policy recommendations will also be outlined. Description of the four economic indicators and their trend over the last ten years Real GDP refers to the total output. It has continued to thrive despite the end of the mining boom. The outlook for GDP growth for 2016 is 2.5 - 3.5 percent but is expected to rise to around 3-4 percent by 2018. Households perception of own revenues growth has continued to be above average. Over the years, the economy has remained resilient to various external shocks among them the US sub-prime credit bubble, and the most recent Global Financial Crisis. At no time in ten years did the annual growth turn out to be negative. Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Annual GDP growth (%) 4.38 4.31 1.84 1.68 4.35 3.13 2.48 2013 2014 2015 2.4 2.63 2.47 Source: World Bank Consistent with the economic growth, employment is expected to increase gradually and unemployment to fall a little. Over the recent months, the unemployment rate has remained constant at 5.75 percent but is projected to decline slightly to around 5.5 percent in the future (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2016). Unemployment Rate in Australia, 20-74 years Year Males (%) Female (%) Average 2006 3.5 4 3.75 2007 3.2 3.8 3.5 2008 4.1 4.2 4.15 2009 4.7 4.6 4.65 2010 4 4.4 4.2 2011 4.2 4.6 4.4 2012 4.6 4.7 4.65 2013 5.1 5.1 5.1 2014 5.2 5.3 5.25 2015 5.8 Source: Australia Bureau of Statistics The trend in Unemployment Rate The underlying inflation has recently picked up by 0.5 percent to be about 1.5 percent over the year. Increases in price for volatile goods such as vegetables, fuel, and fruit have made a significant contribution to the rising Consumer Price Index. Inflation is expected to remain around the current rates, before slowly picking to around 2 percent as spare capacity in labor and other product markets continue to diminish. As shown below, the highest CPI was in 2008, notably due to the mining boom, and the effects of previous years high employment rate. The lowest annual inflation was in 2015 as the economy approached to what some economists define as the end of the mining boom. Year March June September December Annual 2016 1.30% 1% 2015 1.30% 1.50% 1.50% 1.70% 1.50% 2014 2.90% 3% 2.30% 1.70% 2.50% 2013 2.50% 2.40% 2.20% 2.70% 2.50% 2012 1.60% 1.20% 2% 2.20% 1.70% 2011 3.30% 3.50% 3.40% 3% 3.30% 2010 2.90% 3.10% 2.90% 2.80% 2.90% 2009 2.40% 1.40% 1.20% 2.10% 1.70% 2008 4.30% 4.40% 5% 3.70% 4.40% 2007 2.50% 2.10% 1.80% 2.90% 2.30% 2006 2.90% 4% 4% 3.30% 3.50% Source: Australia Bureau of Statistics The Trend in Inflation Weaker commodities demand from China and emerging economies have restrained growth in trade over the years. Latest data shows that net exports made a smaller contribution to the national output in the June quarter in comparison to May quarter. However, net exports are projected to continue making a positive contribution to the economy, as supported by ramping up of LNG production and a depreciation of the exchange rate. Current macroeconomic policy in Australia and assessment of its effectiveness Monetary and budgetary/fiscal policies are the two macroeconomic policies used in Australia to control the level of economic activity. The government has an ambitious plan to successfully transition Australia from the mining boom to a healthier, stronger, and more diversified economy through innovation, opening up of new markets, boosting investor confidence, and promoting a balanced budget (Aph.gov.au, 2016). Amid the challenging budget environment and spiraling deficits, the government is making responsible choices to boost the economy, support jobs and growth, by targeting spending where it is most appropriate. The government has a 10-year tax plan designed to support growth, promote higher wages, and encourage competition. Businesses with an annual turnover of less $2 million will receive a one percentage reduction in corporate taxes in this financial year. The threshold for the tax cut will, however, rise from $10 million to $25 million, and finally to $100 million by the year 2019-20. The government is planning to keep on raising the threshold for one percent cut until all companies are included in the scheme in 2023-24. Corporate taxes for all businesses are expected to reduce to 25 percent by 2026-27. In the next financial year, all small businesses with a turnover of not more than $10 million will be eligible for an instant tax write-off for equipment purchases of not more than $20,000. Hard work in Australia is punished. The government has raised middle-income tax bracket from $80, 000 to $87,000. The tax cut on middle income will encourage Australians to work more and get promotion without paying more in taxes (Budget.gov.au, 2016). It will encourage more investment and consumption, hence more economic growth. Though the tax cuts will cost the government approximately $ 5.3 billion in lost revenues over a period of four years, economists are of the view that the move will boost the countrys long-term economic growth by about one percentage point. Small businesses make a significant contribution to Australias economy. They employ over 3 million people. The tax cuts will enable small businesses to invest, grow, and hire more labor force. For the economy to continue to grow there is the need to attract new investment. Australias corporate taxes are way too higher and even above the average for the OECD and countries in the Asian region. The tax cut will make the corporate taxes globally competitive, which will over time, encourage investment, support growth, create more jobs, and raise the wages. The government is also devoted to limiting the rise in expenditure and sustainable revenue function to support growth and return the budget back to balance (Focus Economics, 2016). Keeping spending in control will create an opportunity for further tax relief and chart the path for sustainable budget balance and reduce fiscal burdens on the coming generations. The government is planning to increase expenditure on the main sectors of the economy such as innovation, infrastructure, defense, and employment. About $1.1 billion is committed to supporting innovation and science agenda, and will keep Australia in the path of a leading innovator (Budget.gov.au, 2016). Innovations will increase investment in the economy, and this will contribute to economic growth. The government has also committed a whopping $50 billion dollars in infrastructure on roads, airways, rails, and dams. Given that Australian population is expected to rise in future, we can conclude that investment in infrastructure is well timed. The Australian government has a twenty-year defense industry plan committed to growing defense funding to around 2 percent of the GDP by 2020-21. To support youth employment, the government has set aside $840 million packages, which will assist more than 120,000 vulnerable youths to get jobs (Budget.gov.au, 2016). More jobs mean more income tax, greater consumption, more investment, less unemployment, and more economic growth. The government has plans to open up Australia to overseas markets and affordable prices for household items. Australia has trade agreements with Japan, Korea, and China. The three new trade agreements cover a greater share of Australias exports than all the previous ones combined. These trade agreements mean that exporters have preferential access to the entire North Asia powerhouses. The new trade agreements have placed Australia as a go to destination for people wanting to establish export platforms to tap into North Asian markets. Australia is in the process of enacting the historic Trans-Pacific Partnership which will reduce more than 98% tariffs on 12 economies. Tariffs worth US$9 billion Australian exports will be eliminated. Once implemented, the partnership will contribute to job growth across all sectors of the Australian economy. Reduction in tariffs will encourage seamless trade and enhance the investment environment (Cole and Nightingale, 2016). The agreement will provide greater opportunities to businesses, remove red tape, reduce costs, and promote more participation in the global supply chain. The government has plans to crack down on multinational companies evading tax. Diverted Profits will be charged a 40 percent tax. The government is also seeking to raise the penalty from $4500 to $450 000 for those multinationals failing to adhere to tax disclosure obligations. The government has invested more than $679 million in the tax avoidance task force. The RBA is tasked with controlling inflation in the Australian economy. The appropriate monetary policy in Australia is to achieve 2-3 percent inflation over the cycle, which is sufficiently small to distort the economic activity in the communities (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2016). The RBA board has eased monetary policy and lowered the cash rate to 1.5 percent to encourage sustainable growth in the economy and return inflation to target over time. Conclusion The government has appropriate fiscal and monetary policies aimed at the four major economic indicators. It is investing in infrastructure and innovations as well as encouraging investments, consumption, and savings through tax cuts. The government has a package to create more than 120,000 jobs to vulnerable youths. To promote BOP stability, the government has engaged in newer trade agreements, which will open up Australia exporters to outside world. The government has an appropriate monetary policy to assist to control inflation. While the government is committed to promoting Australia as a favored investment destination, penalties to multinationals and overly high taxes on diverted profits will send negative signals to investors. The current policies also blow out a deficit and Australia will not return to a surplus until 2020-21. Higher education is one of the biggest losers in the current budget. Uncertainty clouds Universities after they were stripped US $1.4 billion funding in this years budget. Though the current policies concentrate more on jobs and growth, the reality is that growth in the national economy will not come from savings on cut alone but innovative business practices by startups. Another weakness of the current policy is that it gives minimal focus on service-based industries such as hospitality and tourism. As a foreign exchange earner, tourism should have been one of the top priorities in supporting the economy after the end of the mining boom. References Abs.gov.au. (2016). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Aph.gov.au. (2016). The tools of macroeconomic policya short primer Parliament of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/MacroeconomicPolicy [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Berlatsky, N. (2013). Inflation. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. Budget.gov.au. (2016). Budget 2016-17 - Budget overview. [online] Available at: https://budget.gov.au/2016-17/content/glossies/overview/html/ [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Cole, D. and Nightingale, S. (2016). Sensitivity of Australian Trade to the Exchange Rate. 1st ed. [pdf] Reserve Bank of Australia, pp.2-8. Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/bulletin/2016/sep/pdf/rba-bulletin-2016-09-sensitivity-of-australian-trade-to-the-exchange-rate.pdf [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Data.worldbank.org. (2016). GDP growth (annual %) | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2015start=2006 [Accessed 18 Sep. 2016]. Focus Economics. (2016). Australian government presents 2016/2017 budget, revises upwards expected fiscal deficits. [online] Available at: https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/australia/news/fiscal/australian-government-presents-20162017-budget-revises-upwards [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016]. Reserve Bank of Australia. (2016). Minutes of the Monetary Policy Meeting of the Reserve Bank Board. [online] Available at: https://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/rba-board-minutes/2016/2016-08-02.html [Accessed 17 Sep. 2016].

Campaigns and Elections

USA has held more elections than many other countries in the world. Nonetheless, some of these elections record a low voter turnout. It has also had weak political parties with many political offices to fill. There are two political parties that fill all office vacancies. Voter participation has been high in parliamentary democracies where few elections have taken place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Campaigns and Elections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The question arises on how best people can achieve democracy. This is possible through limiting the number of elected offices, focusing voter attention and increasing political participation or keeps the wide range of elected offices with a correspondingly lower rate of political participation. This paper seeks to give views on how the government can increase participation in elections. USA has many elective offices; on estimation there are about 521,000 post s filled through the election process. As a result, there are many names for voters to familiarize themselves with, which largely de-motivates voters. The mechanics of voting procedures also are another reason for low voter turnout. To increase voter turnout, government needs to reduce offices to be filled in the elective process. This will reduce the names the voters need to know before the election date. Reform programs can play a role to increase the voter turnout. Nevertheless, these restructures need to focus on the benefits and voting cost. Usually, the winner in an election spends more than his or her opponent. It is important for challengers than for incumbent to outspend the loser. Incumbents have been correspondingly receptive to restricting spending. The campaign money comes from some major donors. These reforms limited how much an individual could give to a candidate in each election, authorized public funding for primary elections and presidential general campaign and a llowed organizations to establish political action committees to fundraise. This shows that current reforms focus on campaign cost only. A free and fair election process shows how democratic a country is. Democracy is the freedom to do what one wants so long as it is within the law without a person forcing another to do against his or her will. America is a democratic country; the constitution is the huddle on the way to force people to register as voters and vote. Policies are the tools that will urge people to register and vote. Make good policies by the candidates and urge people to register to support the policy. Policies, however, good they maybe will encounter opposition, slowing change.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is accurate that election campaign should insight people to participate in election in large numbers. Prior governing experience is not necessary during campa igns. The voter turnout in a presidential election has decreased drastically by a margin of 10 percent since 1960, from 62 percent to 52 percent. People no longer value politicians as they did years ago. The most preferred candidate could be that he/she has not enough money to do the regular advertising that his /her opponents do. Two years to elections, Television will start airing campaign adverts for a certain candidate. This candidate could not be the people’s choice thus demoralizing them from registering. The merit is for the most popular candidate. Therefore, I agree with the author of Op-Ed Case Study. In conclusion, so as to increase voters turn out, government needs to eliminate most of the elections de-motivators. Policies that encourage voters to vote can help achieve this objective. It is essential to give the voters a reason to vote. This will surely increase their numbers during elections. This essay on Campaigns and Elections was written and submitted by user Elisabeth Bruce to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Stability Essays

Stability Essays Stability Essay Stability Essay Stable. Strong oxidizer contact with combustible material may cause fire. Incompatible with combustible materials, and strong reducing agents.ToxicologyHarmful if swallowed. May cause reproductive disorders.AimThe aim of this experiment is to determine the crystallisation temperature of the solution potassium nitrate at different concentrations and use information to find out the standard enthalpy of potassium nitrate.Equipment and reagents* Boiling tubes* Dark card* Bunsen burner* Thermometer* Weighing scale* Burette (50cm3)* Clamp* Stand* Potassium nitrate* Deionised water/ distilled waterSafety* Wear goggles for eye protection at all times.* Laboratory coats must be worn at all times.* Wear gloves to avoid chemical contact to skin, potassium nitrate.* Long hair was tied back when Bunsen burners were used.Procedure1. 10g of potassium nitrate were weighed out and placed into a boiling tube, and then the exact mass was noted in a result table.2. Exactly 8.0cm3 of deionised water was added to the boiling tube containing the potassium nitrate. This was done by using a burette.3. The tube was then heated gently until the crystals were dissolved and then the heat source was removed.4. The tubes were allowed to cool for safety reasons. The temperature at which the crystals were first appeared was noted. A dark card was used for this purpose. The results were recorded.5. A further 25cm3 of distilled water was added and steps 3-4 were repeated.6. A further 25cm3 of distilled water was added and steps 3-4 were repeated again.7. A further 25cm3 of distilled water was added and steps 3-4 were repeated again.In my own opinion I think the above procedure will be a suitable method as it will not take a lot of time to perform and also it is quite simple to carry out. However, it could be a bit imprecise as we have to watch and determine when the crystals of potassium nitrate forms and reforms, then try to read the temperature of the thermometer. This difficulty could result in a slight inaccurate measurements as valuable seconds are wasted between seeing the crystals reforming and reading the measurements on the thermometer, which means that the temperature would have increased further from when crystals first formed as the Bunsen burner would still be heating the boiling tube.Alternative methods1. compare my results with other class students or with txt books results:AdvantagesdisadvantagesThis would be an appropriate way to check if my results are rational. As if I had extremely different results to numerous other students, then It would be unlikely that all of them would be wrong.It is impossible to be 100% accurate in measuring temperature and reagents, therefore the results will differ slightly between students.2. Perform the experiment several times for each volume of water and take an average.AdvantagesdisadvantagesThis method would be a lot more precise.It would take too long to carry out3. Guess the crystallisation temperature.Advantagesdisad vantagesFor this method there wouldnt be any calculations other than for the enthalpy, therefore this method would be straightforward.This would be very inaccurate.I think my method didnt need to be altered in any way to adapt to the experiment because the method I used went easily.ResultsVolume of watercnR.In cnCrystallisation temperatureReciprocal of absolute temperature 1/T(cm3)(mol dm3)(R = 8.31 Jmol-1 K-1)( 0C) T(K)(K-1)8.012.3620.9062 3352.98 x 10-310.89.8919.0456 3293.04 x 10-312.08.2417.5347 3203.13 x 10-314.07.0616.2442 3153.17 x 10-3Table of values for the line of best fit.R.ln SReciprocal of absolute temperature 1/T(R = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1)(K-1)Y 1 and X121.350.00290Y 2 and X215.000.003255The estimation of S (the intercept) was noted from these pairs of values.If Y 1 = mX 1 + c and Y 2 = mX2 + cThen (Y 1 c) / X1 =( Y 2 c ) / X 2X2Y1 X2c = X1y2 X1cc = (X2Y1 X1Y2) / (X2 X1)The gradient, m = (Y1 Y2) / (X1 X2)The expression gradient = H was used to find H, the enthalpy of solution of potassium nitrate.Intercept = S = 73.2 J mol-1 K-1Gradient = H = 17.9 K j mol-1By comparing the values I obtained from my results to those of the line of best fit I was able to estimate the SD of the values I had calculated for S and H the following table shows the results.R.in cn1/T values (a)1/T values calculated from best fit line (b)Difference for each 1/T value, as a fraction of the best fit value.(a-b)/bDifference2(R = 8.21 Jmol-1 K-1)K-1K-120.900.002980.0029250.01883.5344 x10-419.040.003040.003033.300 x10-31.089 x10-517.530.003130.0031135.461 x10-32.9822521 x10-516.240.003190.00319-6.2696 x10-33.93 x10-5CalculationsMolar mass (KNO) =K= 39N= 14O= 3 X16= 39 + 14 + 48= 101.11gNumber of moles :Amount = mass = 10.00 = 0.0989 mol dm-3Molar mass 101.11Concentration:Concentration = amountVolume(a) 8 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 12.36 mol dm-38/1000(b) 10 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 9.89 mol dm-310/1000(c) 12 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 8.24 mol dm-312/1000(d) 14 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 7.06 mol dm-314 /1000R.In cn:(a) 12.36 mol dm-3 : ln (12.36) = 2.514= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 2.51=20.90(b) 9.89 mol dm-3 : ln (9.89) = 2.2915= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 2.29=19.04(c) 8.24 mol dm-3 : ln (8.24) = 2.1090= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 2.11=17.53(d) 7.06 mol dm-3 : ln (7.06) = 1.954= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 1.95=16.24Crystallisation temperature in KelvinK = (0C ) + 273(a) 620C : 62+ 273 = 335K(b) 560C : 56 + 273 = 329K(c) 470C : 47+ 273 = 320K(d) 420C : 42+ 273 = 315KReciprocal 1/T(a) 20.90 : 1/335 = 2.98 X 10-3(b) 19.04 : 1/329 = 3.04 X 10-3(c) 17.53 : 1/320 = 313 X 10-3(d) 16.24 : 1/315 = 317 X 10-3GradientY = mx + cm = (y2 y1)(x2 x1)m = 15.00 21.350.003255 0.00290m = -6.35 .3.55 x 10-4m = -17,887.32394 Kj mol= -17.89 Kj molH = 17.89 Kj molS = (0.003255 x 21.35 0.00290 x 15.00)(0.003255 0.00290)S = 0.06949425 0.04353.55 x 10-4S = 73.223= 73.2Differences for each 1/T valueD = a-b / b(1) D = 0.00298 0.002925 = 0.01880.02925(2) D = 0.00304 0.00303 = 3.300 x 10- 30.00303(3) D = 0.00313 0.003113 = 5.461 x 10-30.003113(4) D = 0.00317 0.00319 = -6.2696 x 10-30.00319Differences2(1) (0.0188)2 = 3.5344 x 10-4(2) (3.300 x 10-3)2 = 1.089 x 10-5(3) (5.461 x 10-3)2 = 2.9822521 x 10-5(4) (-6.2696 x 10-3)2 = 3.93 x 10-5? (difference) 2 = 4.33 x 10-4Standard deviationSD = V? (- X X) 2 = V 4.33 X 10-4 = 0.01n 4S : % error = 73.2 + 0.01% error = 0.01 x 100 = 0.01%H : % error = 17.9 + 0.01% error = 0.01 x100 = 0.06%17.9DiscussionOn the whole I believe that my experiment went quite well because everything was conducted according to plan. I discussed my experiment and my results with my lecture and were said to be reasonably accurate. I also believe that any inaccuracy in my results was due to inexperience and human error, when measurements of weight, temperature and volume were made. My final results were obtained using results from a line of best fit placed on my graph this could have also caused a slight of inaccuracy in my results. These results could have been imprecise as extremely small numbers were used which were difficult to plot correctly on the graph and I had estimated where the points were to be placed. Also I had to estimate where to place my line of best fit. Additionally the inaccuracy could have been due to the thermometer I used, as there was a small gap between seeing the crystal and recording the temperature. For this reason I couldnt be as accurate as I would have been liked to be as because you had to be very quick in reading the temperature which was constantly changing. Furthermore, it was quite difficult to distinguish between small particles that had formed and air bubbles in the solution. Plus, it was hard to actually say what amount of particles formed, was the right amount to take the solution off the heat source and note the results.In my own opinion I think that my method was a suitable one because it gave me accurate results and didnt take up too much time to proceed.ImprovementsThe improvements that could have been made to make my experiment more accurate are to be more careful in measuring reagents and also to use a more accurate thermometer. In addition, a larger scaled graph could have been used as results would have been plotted more accurately.Confidently in future I would be more experienced in carrying out the experiment and would be more precise at spotting the crystals when they form.Conclusion and % errorThermometer 0.10620 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%62560 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%56470 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%47420 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%42Average % error = 0.2%Burette 0.1cm38cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 1.3%810cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 1%1012cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.8%1214cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.7%14Average % error = 1.3 + 1+ 0.8 +0.7 = 0.95%4Weighing scales + 0.01g% error = 0.01 x 100= 0.1% Show preview only

School holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School holidays - Essay Example In order to attend the first Mass, an individual has to be out of bed as early as a quarter to six, in the morning. The first mass usually begins at exactly eight o’clock, and Father Franco is never known to be late for Mass. It was not easy for most of our peers to attend the first Mass because it cut in on their precious holiday sleep, which was a privilege that not many cared to forfeit just to attend the first Mass. Ken and I had different motivators that saw us opt it. During the school holiday, we had a favorite Sunday afternoon activity that involved going swimming at the local sports club where we had the opportunity to interact and socialize with young girls whom we fancied. Getting to the swimming pool early was the best strategy of eliminating competition and getting the best poolside sunbathing spots close to the girls. Additionally, visiting the swimming pool earlier meant that we could not be locked out when the gate is closed to prevent more people from coming in since it had a limited capacity. We lived in a community where skipping church attendance was a taboo because we lived in an extremely strict Catholic society. Everyone had to attend church on Sunday morning before attending to any other activity unless a person was bedridden or incapacitated by a life-threatening situation.

Operation Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operation Management - Research Paper Example I have used Benchmarking, "Lean," and Business Process Reengineering for this purpose. I believe this approaches are the most suitable for the case of hotel business. I focused on shop – floor control process to examine it in more detail. I have chosen this operation because I believe this is one of the most important aspects of the hotel business. There are some considerations to analyze when applying the methods. At the same time there are some difficulties in application of the methods on practice. The way to solve them is to have a picture of all the business, not a particular process only and pay attention of each process features at the same time. Hotel is complex business that belongs to the service industry. It provides clients with a range of services which might be considered as separate business units, for instance, restaurant and hotel. At the same time, incorrect functioning of one unit or even service might negatively influence all the business. This makes operat ion management very important in this business and ability to set each process so that all hotel is functioning as one mechanism is considered as the mix of science and art. There are methodologies developed by scientists and managers to help to coordinate processes of design, supply, planning, shop-floor control, environment, technology and quality aspects of the business. The selection, collection and analyzing data must be accorded to the aims of the manager. I attempt to understand the business, analyze all the processes, detect fields for improvement and utilize tools and approaches to make processes more effective. Therefore, methods of the Black Box, Business process mapping, Benchmarking, "Lean," and Business Process Reengineering were used. Although, there is core information about the hotel I need some more to provide quality research and implement the tools. First of all I need a list of processes in the hotel with their description, indicators of effectiveness, input res ources and output quality. The very important information is the flow of clients for each of the processes. Besides, I need features of the hotels environment which influence the processes. For example, it’s suppliers, targeted clients, and other circumstances. Therefore, it is not enough to know only general information to implement the most of process improvement methods. First of all I would use the Black Box model to analyze the hotels activity in general, understand basic processes in the hotel and examine their effectiveness. Hotel is a kind of organization that has its inputs and outputs. There is a need to understand inputs and outputs before opening the â€Å"Black Box†. Inputs in hotel are 4 M’s: Manpower is all work of hotels personell (waters, hostess, administrators, cooks etc.), machinery is all kinds of mechanisms in the hotel that are used more than one operational cycle (kitchen ovens, ventilation system, cleaning machines, dishes etc.), materia ls are everything not inclyded in Manpower and Machinery that is used for only one operational period (food, napkins etc.). Money is special kind of resources needed to provide a hotel with neccesary oportunities to buy other three M’s when they are needed. The output of the hotel is different kind of services for their clients, for instance, sleeping, feeding,

Domestic markets Essay Example for Free

Domestic markets Essay Theoretically, opening up domestic markets to international trade would increase the level of competitiveness in the market place, making businesses find better ways of producing goods more efficiently (at a lower cost). This is because trade encourages greater specialisation, which dramatically lowers costs and more intense competition, which is central to innovation. The graph below shows the correlation of trade and chinas economic growth. As you can see there is a positive correlation between trade and GDP, suggesting that trade is an important factor for the economic growth in China. However, Chinas trade surplus (the value of exports net of imports) is a better measure of the contribution of international trade to the economy. Since 1990, the trade surplus has averaged about 2 to 3% of GDP, exports have grown faster than imports and China has had trade surpluses in all but 1 year from 1990 to 2003. The trade surplus peaked at 4. 5% in 1997-98. Chinas trade surplus of $25 billion amounted to 1. 8% of GDP in 2003. Chinas trade liberalisation has created an attractive business environment and therefore has had a significant impact on FDI inflows. Foreign Direct Investment is usually imported in a country by multi-national companies seeking to take advantage of particular laws (such as cheaper land value, cheaper taxes etc ) to reduce the cost of production and to gain a competitive edge over rival companies. Similarly with international trade, an increase in FDI would increase a countrys GDP, because FDI brings in valuable funds which can be used to increase industrial output, create new job opportunities and sometimes, technology transfer which could increase innovation. However, the already lack of investment, coupled with an uncertain political climate and other unfavorable factors, at first severely hindered Chinese attempts to attract FDI. In the graph below11, you can see that in 1980, the flow of FDI into China totaled less than $200 million. In 1997, however, the flow of FDI exceeded $44. 9 billion, more than 225 times larger than the flow in 1980. Beginning in 2000, investment surged again through a combination of massive government infrastructure spending and investment in manufacturing facilities by both foreign and domestic investors. Preparations to host the 2008 Olympic Games contributed to a further frenzy of construction projects. Chinas late-2002 accession to the World Trade Organization spurred many companies, both domestic and multinational, to invest in China in anticipation of greater market opportunities (appex. 2) During this time, China was the largest recipient of FDI among developing countries, and the second largest in the world. Several factors have contributed to the increase in FDI inflows. China liberalised its FDI regime concurrently with the implementation of its economic reform and open doors policies in the late 1970s and especially since the early 1990s (Appex. 3). Implementing a series of laws and regulations governing FDI, China has substantially reduced investment barriers and improved its investment environment by opening more regions and economic sectors to foreign investors. In addition to such policies, it has the worlds largest population providing an abundance of cheap labour (Appex. 4) and a potentially huge market. Recognising the potential since the early 1980s, countries in the region such as Hong Kong and the Asian Tiger economies have become important capital suppliers. To understand Chinas rapid expansion in foreign trade, it is important to acknowledge how vital Multi-Nationals companies (MNCs) have been to its export growth. It should be noticed that Chinas opening to foreign investment occurred simultaneously with an opening to foreign trade. Even without large inflows of FDI, export capacity might still have expanded but perhaps at a less rapid pace. However, unlike Chinas trade values, FDI had seen a small decline in the years 1999 and 2000. When you combine both FDI inflows with GDP in China over the last 10 years, you can see that even if FDI decreases or remains level, economic growth via GDP still increase, suggesting that FDI is not as important to economic growth as trade. It is also important to note that Chinas FDI performance must be viewed in an international perspective. In terms of FDI inflows per capita, China ranks lower than all OECD countries save for one, and even ranks relatively low among developing countries12. Much of Chinas FDI is short-term, in labour intensive manufacturing, with foreign investment in high-tech machinery and the services sectors lagging behind, Though investment in processing and assembling declined 10%, the manufacturing sector garnered 70% of FDI from 2000-2005. Telecom, electronics, and chemicals also received significant shares of foreign investment. 13 China could be encouraging FDI in high technology based manufactures as a way to encourage domestically owned firms to move up the value-added chain. However, trade and investment liberalisation cannot by itself improve Chinas economic growth. Arguably much of Chinas rapid economic growth is due to changes in government policies that created a socialist market economy in which the private sector plays a key role. Enterprises either owned or controlled by government entities now account for less than 30% of industrial output. We must not forget that the domestic industry has also been a driver of Chinas phenomenal economic growth of the past 30 years. Industrial development has hastened since reform began in the late 1970s, growing at an annual rate of over 11% between 1978 and 2000 compared to an average GDP growth rate of 9.6% during this period, as you can see from the graph on the next page. Chinas GDP growth and industrial growth rates14 The importance of industrial output in the Chinese economy has increased over time, from 21% of GDP in 1952 to 51% at present. Changes in the composition of Chinas GDP, 1952-200215 Government polices provided several short-term burst of productivity within the industry, in 1980 when China began the renovation from a centrally planned to a more market based economy, industrial output rose 16. 5% from 1981-1985. Before any Government reforms, growth rate of GDP was 5.3%, but post-reforms saw the growth rate increase to 9. 7% (Appex. 5) Economists such as Wayne Morrison and Mathew Shane have concluded that productivity gains (i. e. increases in efficiency) were another major factor in Chinas rapid economic growth. The improvements to productivity were caused largely by a reallocation of resources to more productive uses, especially in sectors that were formerly heavily controlled by the central government, such as agriculture, trade, and services. For example, agricultural reforms boosted production16, freeing workers to pursue employment in the more productive manufacturing sector. Productivity can be increased by using factors of production more efficiently, by improving the quality of the basic factors of production, for example, increasing the skill or education of labor. Consumption spending contributed too much of Chinas early growth following economic reforms in the early 1980s. The aggregate demand and supply diagram below shows the level of output at any given level of aggregate demand. As consumption was increasing in China from 1878 to 1882, this would lead the aggregate demand line to shift to the right, where the economy is approaching full capacity output. The increase in demand induces businesses to take more employment and increase output. However, inflation will occur as costs will rise and then prices, as businesses try to pass the costs on to consumers. However, over time, the role of consumption has declined and the contribution of investment has generally risen. Since 1978, gross capital formation (investment) accounted for an average of 37% of GDP, while the share due to consumption expenditures averaged 62%. Consumptions contribution to GDP peaked at about two-thirds in the early 1980s and fell to 55% in 2003. By comparison, consumption accounts for 70% of GDP in the United States. Chinas substantial consumption contributing to growth of GDP17 This lower rate of consumption has made way for the impressive level of domestic savings to increase in China, which has helped stimulate economic growth. When reforms were initiated in 1979, domestic savings as a percentage of GDP stood at 32%. However, most Chinese savings during this period were generated by the profits of state-owned enterprises, which were used by the central government for domestic investment. Economic reforms however, led to substantial growth in Chinese household savings. As a result, savings as a percentage of GDP has steadily risen; it reached 49% in 2003, among the highest savings rates in the world. 18 Chinas rise as an economic superpower is likely to pose both opportunities and challenges for the world trading system. Chinas rapid economic growth has boosted incomes and is making China a huge market for a variety of goods and services. In addition, Chinas abundant low-cost labor has led multinational corporations to shift their export-oriented, labor-intensive manufacturing facilities to China. This process has lowered prices for consumers, boosting their purchasing power. It has also lowered costs for firms that import and use Chinese-made components and parts to produce manufactured goods, boosting their competitiveness. Conversely, Chinas role as a major international manufacturer has raised a number of concerns. Many developing countries worry that growing FDI in China is coming at the expense of FDI in their country. Policymakers in both developing and developed countries have expressed concern over the loss of domestic manufacturing jobs that have shifted to China. Conclusion Throughout my investigation I have demonstrated the importance of trade liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment to Chinas record breaking economic growth. It is however, very hard to put an exact figure to show the extent of how beneficial trade and FDI have been to Chinas economic growth, but undeniably they have all been part of a cycle, each factor helping stimulate economic growth in certain ways. I do believe that to an extent trade liberalisation and FDI are interdependent on each other, the opening up of markets to free trade has spurred more FDI than it would have if it had not liberalised. Nevertheless, trade liberalisation and FDI cannot by itself improve Chinas overall economic growth. The benefits of trade liberalisation and FDI to particular sectors of the industry will rely not only on their theoretical comparative advantage but also upon their ability to restructure and upgrade operations through technological improvements to take advantage of market opportunities. All factors including industrial output, increased productivity and efficiently within the industry, high level of consumer saving, early consumption and Government policies have all had an impact on the outcome of economic growth. China has the potential to continue its rapid growth in the foreseeable future. The factors that have propelled growth over the past 30 years are still in place. Chinas economy is still a long way from mature status where growth rates tail off. If the Chinese Government wishes to keep their economic growth at such a high rate, they must face challenges such as exchange rates, structural imbalances and a troubled banking system, in order for them to continue to grow As long as China maintains an open attitude toward foreign investment and invests heavily in infrastructure and other capital, it will continue to grow rapidly.

Faith in Fear and Trembling by Kierkegaard Essay -- Faith Literary Ana

Kierkegaard believes that true faith can only be attained through a double movement of giving up rationality or logic, while at the same time believing one can understand logically. In â€Å"Fear and Trembling† Kierkegaard relates true faith to the Knight of infinite resignation and the Knight of faith; in this paper, I will examine this claim and show why Kierkegaard’s analogy is an excellent metaphor for the double movement which is required in one’s quest to attain faith and why. Kierkegaard’s position on faith is represented with the Knight of infinite resignation and the Knight of faith. The Knight of faith is regarded as the one who believes in that which is absurd. For, he is the knight that is able to believe in the things that are paradoxical. The Knight of faith is aware of the contradiction that occurs and rationally understands it, but believes despite this. Kierkegaard gives a description of this after relating the knight to one in love with a princess he will never have the chance to be with. He describes the knight in this situation claiming, â€Å"I nevertheless believe that I shall get her, namely on the strength of the absurd, on the strength of the face that for God all things are possible† (75). Kierkegaard gives insight into this knight by stating that, â€Å"On this Knight of faith is just as clear: all that can save him is the absurd: and this he grasps by faith. Accordingly he admits the impossibility and at the same time a ccepts the absurd† (76). The other knight Kierkegaard refers to is the Knight of infinite resignation. This is the knight who works within reason and is able to recognize the contradiction or logical impossibility when faced with a situation; such as the situation where Abraham is commanded by God t... ...at Kierkegaard expresses his honest feelings by stating, â€Å"but I do not have faith; this courage I lack† (63). Kierkegaard makes a valid point by stating that a leap of faith requires a double movement. Believing something is not possible before believing it is possible. Faith is not just something that comes and goes for some people. Attaining faith requires a growth through certain stages, the first one being accepting that something cannot and will not be. The two knights that Kierkegaard describes is one the most excellent metaphors to describe the stages a person must go through to make a true leap of faith. Works Cited Huxley, T.H. â€Å"Agnosticism.† Introduction to Philosophy of Religion. Ed. James Kellenger. Pearson, 2007. 144-150. Kierkegaard, Sà ¸ren, and Alastair Hannay. Fear and Trembling. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1985. Print.

Chapter 27 History Quiz

Megan Golden RDNG 4240-502 11-20 Assessment Idea Assessment is the ongoing, systematic collection of information on all students. Reading Assessment is one of the pillars of effective reading programs. Assessing reading skills can be very repetitive and can easily get boring. Many students dread to be tested especially the ones who struggle with reading. Finding new ways to assess students in reading will help not only you but more importantly the student.There are many different ideas in which you can assess a student in reading other than just by paper and pencil. There are many projects, games, and online software available. For my particular idea I chose to pick a game. I recently observed a classroom where the teacher used this particular game, and I realized how much the kids enjoyed the game while also learning. Dividing the class into a team to do a game is always a good idea because its take pressure off of weak readers.After dividing the class into two different teams, call on a student and hold up a flash card, then have the student pronounce the word. Make a tally mark each time the student pronounces the word correctly. By keeping up with who had more tally marks and rewarding the team who had more always helps encourage the children. Also while doing this activity, be sure to make note of any students who were struggling. By making these notes it will let you know which student needs assistance.

The Problem Of Teacher Anxiety - 978 Words

The Problem of Teacher Anxiety One of the main problems that inhibits outdoor education is teacher anxiety. Researchers have found that although teachers understand the importance of outdoor education, they are hesitant to exercise it because of the difficulties they may encounter (Tatar BaÄŸriyanik, 2012). In a study by Scott, Boyd, and Colquhoun (2013), they found teachers possess three main apprehensions: loss of control, loss of expert status, and working with others. After conducting the experiment, they found, â€Å"In many cases the behaviour of the children was described as being engaged with their learning and on-task†¦ The teachers were learning alongside the children†¦ It was clear that the children enjoyed working in partnership with one another (and with their teachers)† (p. 50). When teaching children outside, there needs to be a model environment where teachers are exhibiting safety precautions but children are also given certain freedoms (Stan Humberstone, 2011). When children are given choices outside, they are more likely to remember what they learned in their out of doors class. Combating Teacher Anxiety Although there is anxiety among several teachers, research has shown that some understand the importance of outdoor education. One researcher argues, â€Å"The participants in this study seemed to share the view that described many Australian’s limited knowledge and decontextualized understanding of their local native flora and fauna and the importance ofShow MoreRelatedGeneralized Anxiety Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety, or commonly referred to as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is when a person has â€Å"excessive worry about a variety of topics† (Carrol 2014). When a person has generalized anxiety disorder, they process a fear in their mind on different types of issues that are occurring in their everyday life. This disorder can affect a person for a â€Å"period of at least six months† (Carroll 2014). 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